^ Sutherland, Ivan Edward (January 1963).The Regents of the University of California. The Human–Computer Interaction Handbook: Fundamentals, Evolving Technologies and Emerging Applications, Second Edition. Sketchpad: A Man-Machine Graphical Communication System. thesis at MIT and peripherally related to the Computer-Aided Design project at that time. The Sketchpad program was part and parcel of Sutherland's Ph.D. ![]() Of the 36 bits available to store each display spot in the display file, 20 gave the coordinates of that spot for the display system and the remaining 16 gave the address of the n-component element responsible for adding that spot to display. The user drew on the screen with the recently invented light pen. Sketchpad ran on the Lincoln TX-2 (1958) computer at MIT, which had 64k of 36-bit words. The Computer History Museum holds program listings for Sketchpad. ![]() Sutherland wrote in his thesis that Bolt, Beranek and Newman had a "similar program" and T-Square was developed by Peter Samson and one or more fellow MIT students in 1962, both for the PDP-1. Hanratty is sometimes called the "father of CAD/CAM" and wrote PRONTO, a numerical control language at General Electric in 1957, and wrote CAD software while working for General Motors beginning in 1961. Very few programs can be called precedents for his achievements. ![]() Geometric constraints was another major invention in Sketchpad, letting the user easily constrain geometric properties in the drawing-for instance, the length of a line or the angle between two lines could be fixed.Īs a trade magazine said, clearly Sutherland "broke new ground in 3D computer modeling and visual simulation, the basis for computer graphics and CAD/CAM". If the user changed the master drawing, all the instances would change as well. The main idea was to have master drawings which one could instantiate into many duplicates. ![]() The clever way the program organized its geometric data pioneered the use of "master" ("objects") and "occurrences" ("instances") in computing and pointed forward to object oriented programming. Sketchpad was the first program ever to utilize a complete graphical user interface. Sketchpad inspired Douglas Engelbart to design and develop oN-Line System at the Augmentation Research Center (ARC) at the Stanford Research Institute (SRI) during the 1960s. of Murcia : Oficinas Turing : University of Lisbon : CoderDojo Greenville (Mahaffey) : Google Kirkland (Saff) : Google Cambridge (Saff) : TDSB Processing (Rubini-Laforest) : DePaul University (Scott-Tunkin) : Duke University (Astrachan) : The Hewitt School (Nauman) : RISD: Make, Play, Think (Rossiter) : FSU (Duarte) : St.Sutherland was inspired by the Memex from " As We May Think" by Vannevar Bush. Bishop Gorman High School (Stepan) : Flagstaff Academy (Reh) : Münsterlandschule Tilbeck (Trappe) : University Toulouse (Truillet) : 9 Dots (Lee) : Université Paris-Est (Romon) : Seoul National University (Oh) : Muniz Academy (Soto) : KSU Poly (Harding) : Kollafoss (Þorsteinsson) : Colegio Aula (Cozzi) : UC Davis (Mathews) : ACT (Ockerby) : Perth College (Spagnuolo) : Bard College Spring 2016 (O'Hara) : Girl Develop It (Xie) : Forest Grove (Roberts) : Laihia's coding club (Ahola) : Focus Learning (Hines) : Konstfack (Polite) : Huron Heights (Lamont) : Brooklyn College (Mandel) : Gonzaga (Hsueh) : Highgate School (Noyce) : ccWorkshop (Faltas) : Perth College (McMahon) : Banyan (Warner) : GKR Lab (Saelben) : P5.js (Public Beta!) : Perth College (Hall) : Mission Hills Middle School (Dollins) : University of Delaware (Carver) : KU Leuven (Vande Moere) : University of Saskatchewan (Seaton) : Loyola University Maryland (Eastman) : University of Illinois (Nelson) : St Joseph's Nudgee College (Bauer) : Cracow University of Technology (Sikorski) : Academy of Arts & Academics (Mullen) : University of Missouri (Riebschlager) : Universidad de los Andes (Barragan) : Kansas State University (Harding) : Workshop Barcelona : Pompeu Fabra High School : University of Birmingham (Pinder) : Friends Central School : Wellesley High School : Sarah Lawrence College : Bard College CMSC117 (O'Hara) : CoderDojo Dartmouth : Lowell High School : The Bishop Strachan School : City of London School for Boys : Univ.
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